These are growth or self-expansive values. Values on the right (hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence) express anxiety-free motivations. People seek to avoid conflict (conformity) and to maintain the current order (tradition, security) or actively to control threat (power). Pursuit of values on the left in the figure serves to cope with anxiety due to uncertainty in the social and physical world. The circular structure in the figure below portrays the total pattern of relations of conflict and congruity among values. Rather, they do so through different acts, at different times, and in different settings. Of course, people can and do pursue competing values, but not in a single act. This has practical, psychological, and social consequences. Actions pursuing one value have consequences that conflict with some values but are congruent with others. Relations among these 10 broad personal values are dynamic. The following table describes the ten broad personal values and their defining goals.ĭynamic relations among the values and value conflict
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